The O’Halloran Sisters, Armed With Poles And Boiling Water, Fought For Their Land Against The Army
Residing in the tranquil countryside of Bodyke, County Clare, the O'Halloran sisters – Annie, Honoria, and Sarah – shared their familial abode with their parents and brothers, Patrick and Frank. Their landlord, Colonel John O'Callaghan, loomed large over their lives, his name eventually etched in infamy during the tumultuous Land War.
Amidst the backdrop of socio-political upheaval, the Second Irish Land Act of 1881 sought to provide tenants with a semblance of security. It aimed to ameliorate their plight by facilitating rent reductions, ensuring the stability of rents for extended periods up to 15 years, and, in select instances, paving the way for eventual proprietorship.
O'Callaghan had imposed a rent of £31 upon the O'Halloran family, a burden that the court decreed should be lessened to £22-10 shillings. However, this reduction was perceived by the family as unjust, particularly considering that their grandfather had paid a mere £13-10 shillings during his tenure. Fuelled by a sense of injustice, the O'Hallorans joined the ranks of families participating in the Bodyke rent boycotts, refusing to acquiesce to what they deemed to be oppressive terms. As tensions escalated, June of 1887 saw them poised to defend their ancestral home against the looming spectre of eviction.
In a display of familial solidarity, all five of the O'Halloran children rallied to assist their parents in fortifying the homestead against the encroaching bailiffs. However, it was Annie, Honoria, and Sarah who emerged as the vanguards of resistance, displaying an exceptional level of determination and resourcefulness. They orchestrated daring manoeuvres, including the strategic use of boiling water to repel the bailiffs, inflicting scalding punishment upon those who sought to infringe upon their birthright. In a bold act of defiance, they even appropriated one of the bayonets wielded by the opposing forces, symbolising their unwavering commitment to the defence of their ancestral lands.
Their brother Frank’s first-hand account of the day of the eviction was published in the Irish Times on June 15, 1887, and has been re-published by the Clare County Library. The following excerpt unfolds the dramatic events.
“On the morning of the eviction we were up at the break of day and laid our plans, each to defend a certain point and none to waiver, whatever might come. We boiled plenty of water and meal, and, when all was ready, we kept a look-out for the bailiffs and the rest of them. At this time I was only home a few months from America, and during my absence, I may add, I did not learn to love Irish landlordism or English rule."
“We had not long to wait, as the attacking party appeared over the hill at about half past ten o'clock, and pretty formidable they looked too — police, soldiers, bailiffs, and all followed by a large crowd of tenants. We had two portholes broken out commanding the eastern rear corner, and had plenty of pitchforks and poles to meet the rifles and the bayonets when they would attempt to scale the windows. Mr. Davitt, however, came up and deprived us of the pitchforks. I guess he thought there would be blood spilt if they were there. When the bailiffs approached with picks and axes we waited until they would come near enough for the hot fluid to scald them. The police shouted to us to go in from the portholes or that they would shoot, but we took no notice of them.
I remember that, as they raised their rifles, the thought struck me that it was a queer country where the sons of people were amongst the greatest enemies the people had.
“The police were not more than 25 feet away, but they did not fire. The bailiffs attacked the corner, and the sisters threw cans of boiling water on top of them, making them speedily retire, while the girls stood waiting with more water ready to fire, but they took no notice of them either. The crowd outside became terribly excited, as they saw by this that we meant no surrender in earnest. I had a long pole defending the corner, and I found that I could not use it effectively from the porthole which I was at, as I was a left-handed man; so I got an iron bar and broke a hole through the roof, a shower of slates falling on the emergency men outside.
"Then I got water and took off the slates, which I fired at them, but I don't think any took effect but, anyway, we had the satisfaction of seeing that we made it impossible for them to continue at the corner. For about three-quarters of an hour, the struggle continued, and finally, the defeated emergency men gave up, some of them well scalded. Then they went to the end of the house and the police got scaling ladders to get through the window on the second story, so I exchanged places with my brother and went to the porthole at the gable-end, which he had been defending up to this.
“At this time some unfortunate delay occurred about handing up the water. My brother went to see what was wrong, and while he was so engaged a policeman entered through the window. He was met by Honoria who caught a grasp of his sword-bayonet. He was just bent down in the act of jerking it from her when I saw him. I knew that if he gave the pull he would have cut her fingers off and ruin her hands. There was not a moment to spare. I jumped off the platform and struck him with my clenched fist under the chin and sent him sprawling to the other end of the room. My sister was then in full possession of a rifle, bayonet and all, and sure she did use it. She rushed to the window and scattered the police outside right and left, and cleared the ladder outside, which was crowded. All this happened in a few seconds. My brother had now returned with the water, and I went to Honoria's assistance. I got a big pole: there was a policeman at the top of the ladder; I put it to his chest, pushed him into an upright position.
"The policeman behind him pressed him on, while the crowd yelled, wild with delight. I shoved harder and he fell to the ground, amidst deafening cheers and shouts. Others pressed on, to meet the same fate. Now we thought it was high time to evict the policeman we had inside. We got him near the window to throw him out. The police outside rammed their bayonets and wounded us several times, so we had to throw him back again instead of throwing him out. The fight now began properly. We attacked them with all our might and so fierce was the struggle that we smashed a sword-bayonet and injured several of those outside. Eventually, we cleared the window again and victory was hailed with thunders of applause outside. The forces outside were dismayed, as if they did not know what to do next.
“We thought that the little respite we got could not be made better use of than by ejecting the policeman who still remained inside, so we caught him again.
“Out he would have gone at the moment for certain, but Father Hannon was at the top of the ladder. He put up his hands and said: ‘Don't throw him out, Frank.’ The good priest intervened because he knew that the police would fire the next time.
“Well, anyway, his word was law with the whole of us, and little wonder; so I promised him I would do nothing and let him go. The police then rushed in after Father Hannon, and Father Hannon held me as if in a vice. I never felt such a grip before or since. A great big coward of a policeman struck my mother and handled her brutally. 'Father Hannon' said I, 'are you going to hold me while they choke my mother?' He let me go. I made a spring forward and struck the policeman a blow of my clenched fist, which quietened him anyway.
“The house then became full of police, and several of them grappled me. I made no further struggle; I knew that it was useless, and felt satisfied that we had done all in our power. We were all taken into custody to be sent to jail, and Mr. Davitt and Father Hannon got permission for the former to accompany the girls to jail. In a moment or so we were on the car ready to start, when the girls were released, to be prosecuted in the ordinary way. They brought my mother and myself to Limerick Jail, where we were kept until they brought us up for trial. All the tenants took forcible possession immediately, and they remained there until a settlement was come to the following February.”
Subsequently, the O'Hallorans were granted permission to reclaim their residence, in 1909, they, alongside fellow tenants from Bodyke, were afforded the opportunity to purchase and secure ownership of their land – a triumph achieved through arduous struggle and perseverance.
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